Matrifocal Family Advantages, John Mcwhorter Wife, University Of Chicago Harris School Acceptance Rate, Notts And Derby Medals For Sale, Bastrop Bears Football Coaches, Articles C

Clay masks work by adsorption and cation exchange. Active Ingredients: Volcanic clay, niacinamide, beta hydroxy acid | Size: 2 oz. My favorite, gently apply a warm towel to your face for 10 seconds, then gently wipe away. Burning and located in the epigastric area and radiating to the groin; C. Severe and located in the epigastric area and radiating to the back; D. Burning and located in the left lower quadrant and radiating to the back; Answer : C . Some clays need a little less water, equal parts, or a 2:1 ratio. Natural Remedies for the Burning Sensation in Your Stomach After Eating Advertisement. Step 1: Start with approx 1.5 teaspoons of clay in your bowl. If a clay mask gives you a burning sensation, take it as a sign that it's not meant for your skin, instead of braving out the pain in the hope that this will somehow benefit your skin. Read on for more! Cleopatra was a fan, and so were the ancient Romans, including Pliny the Elder, who wrote about the uses of clay for treating acne and for tightening skin. That familiar tingling sensation is actually just your skin responding to irritation, resulting in inflammation. As a Commerce Writer for InStyle, she shares her favorite fashion brands and must-have beauty products. What We Dont Love: Our tester notes that because this product didnt have the classic tingly sensation of most clay masks, she missed out on the feeling of it working. The benefits of using a clay mask are deep cleansing your skin, detoxing impurities, shrinking the appearance of pores, adsorbing excess oil, regulating oil production and combating acne blemishes. Korean Face Mask Sheet Charcoal Black Facial Mask for Oily Skin and Pores 6 pack : Check Price at Amazon: 6: ORGANIC Brightening Clay Mask - Natural Anti Aging Facial Treatment for Dry, Oily, or Normal Skin -. If your skin feels irritated and you dont see any improvements after 30 minutes then something needs to be done. Hey! Families gathered at the Idaho Capitol building on Saturday, March 6, 2021, to burn masks at a protest over COVID-19 restrictions. Clay masks are very effective for acne because they absorb impurities from your skin that cause acne, so using a clay mask as part of your regular routine can reduce future breakouts. It also does all the good things red and white clay masks do: tones skin, reduces pores, draws out impurities, and rebalances oil, but with a gentler effect on your skin. Sensitive skin ongoing conditions like eczema and rosacea can definitely benefit from integrating a clay mask once a week into their routine. | Key Benefits: Shrinks pores, evens skin tone, balances oil | Skin Type: All, including sensitive skin. Yellow kaolin clay offers even stronger exfoliation and oil absorbency. For this story, the 14 product recommendations were tested and evaluated by an esteemed group of beauty obsessives. And afterwards, my pores look smaller, and my skin looks refreshed even in tone and wildly soft to the touch, she adds. {"id":"", "email":"","default_address":null,"first_name":"","last_name":"","name":"" }, Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device. Mix your bentonite with other sun healing ingredients like aloe vera clay mask. Various conditions cause it, and a correct diagnosis is essential. Arteries in our body are responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to vital tissues. Press J to jump to the feed. That means it adsorbs, sticks to, the impurity. Check Price and Reviews on Amazon. Yes, so long as you use them correctly (in moderation!) While also removing any irritating substances, waste material and carbon dioxide. Active Ingredients: Mediterranean rose clay, Canadian willowherb, beta hydroxy acid | Size: 2.5 oz. Increased blood supply of skin also flushes out any toxins or irritating substances in the cells. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission. Some users even ingest a small amount to detox the body of heavy metals, pesticides, and other harmful toxins (but please dont attempt this without medical supervision). She is a regular contributor to Architectural Digest and publishing work in other outlets including Domino, Coveteur, and Teen Vogue. Splash your face with cool water, not freezing water. What We Love: This is a cult-favorite product that truly works. Through the testing process, we analyzed factors such as moisture levels, ease of application and removal, texture, comfort, feel, efficacy, and skin improvements. Inspired by the rejuvenating powers of a Scandinavian cold plunge, this turquoise OleHenriksen mask actually creates a cooling effect through a blend of active botanicals and clarifying acids. You shouldnt be apply a super thick face mask to your skin. To use a 2% salicylic acid mask for the first time, ease in . Its a loose powder that you must mix with water (and the packaging instructions arent as clear as they could be). White: White clay masks generally consist of either bentonite or kaolin clay. Step 2: Combine the Water and Oil Mixture With the Bentonite Clay and Charcoal Powder. Its perfectly normal to feel a tingling or tightening sensation. By making your skin pulsate the clay induces a small amount of inflammation in our skin. Especially a dry clay mask that you mix yourself, so you know theres no other ingredients hiding in your mask. The moment the freezing winter air starts pinching at your nose and makes your cheeks feel numb, it is a perfect time to warm up your face skin with this burning cinnamon mask.. Cinnamon face mask contains a combination of powerful ingredients that will:. Can be used on the hair, body, and face. Finding the right clay mask for your skin can be a little confusing, though, so we did the leg-work for you by speaking with four different skincare experts (from dermatologists to nurse practitioners and estheticians) to break down how clay masks really work. This Purifying Mask from fresh utilizes Umbrian clay (a proprietary ingredient with high-mineral content thats exclusively sourced from Umbria, Italy) as its hero ingredient to pull out blackheads and clear clogged pores of grime. Derived from a combo of volcanic ash and mineral-rich decomposing plants, green clay softens dry and/or rough skin. Some clay masks are milder than others, so factor that in as well as your skins sensitivity. If youre looking to mattify oily skin, detox impurities, and refine tone and texture, this mask will be your new BFF. This type of clay is even marketed as making your face pulsate with the Aztec clay brand. A few reviewers mentioned that this product seemed to cause their eyes to sting. The journey of natural skincare is not easy. You can continue with your regular after mask routine. They can produce a mild stinging sensation. What We Dont Love: The formula is quite thick, so you have to be quick to spread it across your face before it dries. Additionally, some people have a semen allergy and experience symptoms ranging from a burning sensation to anaphylaxis when their skin comes into contact with it. Can dry . Some potential side effects may be temporarily cause burning sensation, burning, or skin . What We Dont Love: Theres a slight sticky feel to this mask upon application. Youre allergic to the particular type of clay. Active Ingredients: Coconut activated charcoal, chamomile flower extract, marshmallow root | Size: 3.3 oz. It isnt rough or coarse on your skin at all; it just feels like a hug for your face, explains our tester. Calcium bentonite clay is formed from volcanic ash. It has a cooling sensation, but does not sting, burn, or even tingle at any point, she adds, reporting that her skin felt incredibly moisturized and bright after use. Keep in mind that it does require a bit of effort to spread because of the thick texture, but the extra elbow grease is worth it for the glowing results. Please take our 3-minute survey, The formula has a thick clay consistency, similar to non-fat greek yogurt, but it dries quickly and comfortably, with a minty cool sensation and zero stinging. Not only is clay excellent at removing impurities stuck in your pores like dirt and dead skin cells, but also excess oil. giving you a delightfully tingly clean sensation. Fjord is a half-orc with green skin, yellow eyes with vertical slit pupils, and black hair with a lock of gray. Some studies have found a link between acne and high-sugar diets. by Nadine Shemilt, Miss Facial Clay Masks | Last updated Apr 23, 2020 | Published on Apr 21, 2020 | FAQ | 0 comments. Mixed with more soothing ingredients like lavender and chamomile oil, it creates a balancing effect thats not overly-drying and works well for weekly use. This intense retexturizing formula from Origins combines clay with jojoba beads that deeply exfoliate, clean, and strip away excess grime. That means our team of testers has reviewed every product on this list using a unique methodology to ensure it's really worth your time, money, and attention. Apply a clay mask to your neck, back, or chest. Formulations posted here may not be used for profit. Expect a cooling sensation and slight tightening, but not to the point of tingling or burning. The lowest-priced clay masks are bentonite clay powder. You have way too many ingredients that would affect stability. Its a common mistake. Ok, well admit, from the very beginning the branding of this product really got us. Clay masks are composed of rich minerals that offer various protective properties, such as balancing water levels in skin, fighting excessive sun damage, and assisting in skin healing, especially for those that struggle with acne, says Natalie Aguilar, aesthetic nurse practitioner at Oculoplastic SurgeonDr. Kami Parsa'spractice. Comes in a 1-lb container. Vasodilation simply means dilation of blood vessels. I rinsed off the mask with warm water and patted my skin dry with a wash towel. With 4 types of clay, Bentonite, Kaolin, Rhassoul, French Green Clay. Discover all the collections by Givenchy for women, men & kids and browse the maison's history and heritage Question No : 147 The best time for the nurse to teach an anxious patient about the patient controlled While an initial tingling sensation is to be expected, may cause an unpleasant burning sensation on more sensitive skin. They can be applied as a poultice to a burn, including a sunburn to nourish skin. 1 They are popular among people who have oily or acne -prone skin, and they are commonly used to reduce excess oil (also known as sebum) on the face and eliminate impurities that clog pores. Kiehls has been a long-time front-runner in the clay mask arena, and the Rare Earth Mask is an established fave. A burning sensation is a type of pain that's distinct from dull, stabbing, or aching pain. Clay, the beneficial ingredient, is mixed and applied direct to your skin. Key considerations baking soda, essential oils, and kayalan clay to neutralize odor and kill bacteria. Look for this imported ingredient added to clay masks. 5. She adds that they can also help calm redness and irritation, benefiting people with rosacea. Emits a pungent scent. Clay masks do cause tingling and redness but any form of skincare should not be painful. Otherwise dry clay powder has a super long shelf life of approx 3-5 years. Next, we sent samples of each product to our esteemed InStyle testing lab where a diverse group of beauty experts, editors, and everyday people (with a range of ages, skin types, and skin concerns) tried each mask and reported detailed notes on their findings. | Key Benefits: Purifies, detoxifies, balances | Skin Type: All. And if this condition stays more the 30 minutes then you might have a problem. Sometimes causes a burning sensation or rash following initial use. and in accordance with your skin type. I used to experiment a lot with my skin. My skin looks brighter, clearer, and more even, as if it went through a deep detox, she marvels. And as someone with sensitive skin, she was pleased to find that the product isnt irritating and doesnt leave her with any redness. It helps fight off any harmful invasions and protects our tissues by gathering white blood cells. Some of the best charcoal peel-off masks include ones from Boscia, Clinique and Origins. We love this Collagen Mask because it's actually formulated for dry skin and works to clarify while also pumping the skin full of hydrating nourishment that ultimately evens texture and smooths fine lines. How about that for a glowing recommendation? I've recently tried this popular / hyped-up mask, but I will never try it again. How many times has a clay mask left your face red like a tomato? Active Ingredients: Hyaluronic acid, watermelon enzymes, beta hydroxy acid | Size: 2.03 oz. My skin feels way more hydrated and looks so glowy and fresh, reports our tester. An allergic or hypersensitivity reaction causing damage to your skin surface cells, which can be temporary or permanent is termed as a skin burn. Black Head Removal exfoliating pores pack. Aloe Leaf Juice hydrates, nourishes and softens hair. For 28 years, the NGVs annual Top Arts exhibition has celebrated the artistic dynamism and creative vitality of young Victorians. Smells like cheap apple dish wash and gives me burning sensation every time I use it, although my skin is never sensitive. Product details Is Discontinued By Manufacturer : No Product Dimensions : 6 x 5 x 4 inches; 8.6 Ounces Item model number : U-SC-4338 Its a masterpiece of a mask. Suffered from acne ALL my life, until discovering clay masks. Maybe not all of those symptoms at once, but slowly and steadily, your skin will get more sensitive and reactive over time (although, for. Clay is a more defined term, containing certain minerals and particle sizes. What We Dont Love: This product takes some leg work. It's important to note that oil production is not a cause of rosacea. However, the container size is a lot smaller and more expensive than mixing up a clay paste DIY style. We noticed that the product spreads evenly, settles quickly, and even has a nice smell. First of all, it only needs to be left on for three to five minutes, which is significantly shorter than most of the other products on this list (a win if you ask us). It is ideal for all skin types. These include pink clay and may also contain bonus skincare ingredients like collagen. It can actually look scary when you wash the mask off and reveal inflamed scarlet skin underneath. Powdered clay is mixed with water or apple cider vinegar and can be used as a face mask to cleanse pores. Last updated Apr 23, 2020 | Published on Apr 21, 2020, Facial Clay Masks is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to, Youre leaving the mask on for too long and letting it dry on your face. Please log in again. Purify & Mattify Pure-Clay Mask addresses your shiny and oily skin to reveal clarified, mattified, and refreshed complexion. Here is the step-by-step guide for how to use a clay mask. This will draw extra blood along with oxygen and nutrients to the skin. If we mix clay with water the high alkalinity might be too much for your skin to handle. SPY Award Winner: Disco Rejuvenating Clay Face Mask $36.00 at Disco. Cons. I have sensitive skin, so tingling isn't uncommon in my life. Clay masks are a trusty old friend theyve been around forever and utilize fairly simple ingredients to extract impurities and restore skin to its smooth, soft radiance. These clay masks come off in easy pieces, like sheet masks. For the first batch, I incorporated about 1% essential oils, and when it started burning, I immediately washed it off, threw it out, and decided to make it without any fragrance at all. Clay masks are usually drying, meaning they arent great for those with dry or super sensitive skin, according to board-certified dermatologist Dr. Purvisha Patel. Thus it makes the pores appear smaller (as they are empty now) and makes the skin look clean. But, if you have dry or sensitive skin, it wont be the pick for you. Heres how. A burning sensation is a kind of pain that comes from aching torment, stabbing, or dullness. In response to recent moves to scale back or end coronavirus . My skin isnt as noticeably oily or shiny, shares our tester. Green: European green clay, or illite, is a great option for sensitive-complected folks. Its super-absorbent quality makes it a champion detoxifier. My experience with store-bought clay masks is that they tighten when drying, which can be a bit irritating if left too long, but nothing like this. Whether you can use a clay mask everyday depends on the type of clay you are using. Myth buster: youre pores do NOT open and close. Short answer, no. Another reason clay masks may be found to cause burn is that it contains ingredients such as kaolin, bentonite, sulfur, and retinoid, which have been found to cause hypersensitivity to sensitive skin types when the product type does not suit the skin type. This will help improve skin texture and give it a youthful healthy glow. Get your facial clay assortment pack first! source: 1001 little beauty miracles Too late. This stuff shrinks the huge pores along my nose you see a difference instantly, she adds. A burning sensation can occur anywhere in the body. What We Love: The formula feels thick and luxuriously high-quality without being too hard to spread (plus, it has a peppermint-y cooling effect and no stinging sensation). Disclaimer: Our content does not constitute a dermatologistor medical advice. Home | Recipes | SHOP | Happiness Guarantee | Refund Policy | Shipping FAQ | About | Contact, Privacy | Affiliate Disclosure 2020 NamaClay. As a bonus, this is one of those masks that provides results that only get better with long-term use. This helps in providing extra nutrients and oxygen to the outer layer of the skin. Should a clay mask burn? She explains that clay created from volcanic ash (known as bentonite clay) is particularly effective for oily skin as it absorbs more than its mass in water and oil. Peel-off clay masks can save you a lot of frustration. All these properties help clear up and prevent acne. While we enjoy the overall way the mask makes skin look, it lacks the classic tingling sensation most clay masks offer an attribute that made our tester wonder if it was really working. This will improve the appearance of your pores. White heads should never be removed by picking at them. Stings if it gets into eyes, so its recommended to avoid the sensitive areas around eyes and lips. Ultimately, OleHenriksen Cold Plunge Pore Mask prevailed as the best overall for its deeply detoxifying effects, refreshing cooling sensation, and non-drying, sensitive-skin-safe appeal. Two types of clay work together to reduce blackheads by exfoliating the skin and unclogging pores. Easing into the experiment, I decided to keep the turmeric-yogurt-honey mask on for roughly five minutes. 0. Mud has a more all-encompassing definition: it can contain soil, silt, and clay, and it may or may not contain minerals. This negatively charged clay attracts impurities like a magnet and unclogs congested, blackhead-riddled skin. These clay mask offer hydrating ingredients to offset the drying effect of clay on the skin. My skin is not very sensitive so this caught me by surprise. A burning sensation is often derived from nerve issues. Even if youve used a clay mask before, if youre switching to a different type of clay or a new brand, always do a patch test first to see how your skin reacts. Bentonite clay and french green clay are also nicknamed healing clays. The extra blood drawing to surface makes our cells healthier and more nourished. Now coming to clays, especially bentonite. | Key Benefits: Purifies, balances, unclogs pores, restores brilliance | Skin Type: All. It usually goes down in half an hour. . 0. Hand-harvested ingredients that are steam-distilled within 12 hours. Can also be used for other purposes such as a foot soak or insect bite treatment. Clay masks are purifying due to clays natural ability to detoxify and draw out impurities. It helps in cell renewal and improves skin texture. Premade: These clay masks can be applied directly from the jar or tube to the face, making them way more convenient than powder. What We Dont Love: This mask is a master at removing blackheads, but it can be drying, so we wouldnt recommend it for those with dry skin. Charcoal: A dark porous form. What We Love: This mask contains micro exfoliants, leaving your skin feeling totally free of grime and excess oil. clay mask burning sensation. That means this clay is very absorbent but because it doesnt expand, its quite gentle on the skin. After removing the mask, my skin looks brighter than usual and dewier than I wouldve expected with a clay mask, explains one of our testers. This is a product that requires care and consistency, but its from Rihanna, and she does next to no wrong, shares our tester. Green clay mask powder also is priced in the higher end of this range, and up to $18 for a pound. Facial Clay Masks is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Clay is also super absorbent and soaks up any excess sebum and rebalances oil. Getting Started. So use a bentonite clay and apple cider vinegar clay mask instead. He has notable scars on the left side of his face, an X-shaped pair on his forehead that cuts through his brow past his eye and one through his upper lip. Best Sheet Mask: Wolf Project Men's Moisturizing Sheet Face Masks $26.99 at Amazon. It feels silky, cooling, and moisturizing a similar feeling to applying a thick, refrigerated face cream, our tester says. Get FREE access to our upcoming E-Book with exclusive clay recipes. When the clay is removed from your skin, those impurities will be removed from your skin with it. What We Dont Love: This mask has a rich, dark hue. The man stared fixedly at the polished skull which directed the affairs of Crosbie & Alleyne, gauging its fragility. We create science-based cosmetic formulations that can be made at home without a full cosmetics lab. If you use a sodium wait a while before using it to allow the pH to lower when mixed with acidifiers. Some users aren't the biggest fans of the scent, and others claim to not notice much improvement after using. Or it can simply mean that you are incorrectly using your face mask. There is a tingly, minty, and cooling sensation with this mask, but it doesnt sting or burn it feels comfortable and refreshing, says our tester. Mario Badescu is famous for their pore-clearing, acne-reducing products that arent overly aggressive and safe for sensitive skin. HEALTHY FOOD IDEAS. Here's why I will never recommend it. Your skin type will dictate the clay mask you should buy, and if you should be using one at all. Your mature skin can still benefit from deep cleansing and removing harmful chemicals, heavy metals and air pollutants from your skin. Like eczema, a person with rosacea might also find that clay masks are an effective, natural remedy. Though, be warned, the formula dries very hard and can be tough to remove. A sponge will make removal much quicker, but give yourself 10 minutes at the sink to complete the process. When I looked in the mirror I was in shock. Clay masks are amazing for skin specially for ladies like myself who have oily or combination skin. The texture of clay naturally exfoliates skin. Made In South Korea. This clay mask utilizes real-life hardened volcanic lava from South Koreas Jeju Island to unclog your pores (how cool is that?). What We Love: Our tester reports that her typically dry skin feels velvety soft after using this mask (an unexpected benefit!). Clay masks, especially french green clay, can be effective for reducing the appearance of your pores. Any face wash, peel pad, scrub, or mask with alpha-hydroxy, glycolic, lactic, or salicylic acids might cause some tingling. For dry skin, choose a clay like rhassoul clay, that has smaller expansion capabilities. Pink: Pink or rose clay masks are gentler for the skin than white or red clay while being a gentle combo of both clays (red plus white equals pink!) our process. There is no way to know exactly if clay masks for rosacea will work for . It is normal for clay mask to cause some redness in the skin. harmful ingredients of safeguard soap; taylormade firesole irons lofts; clay mask burning sensation. Always remove the mask BEFORE it dries. In the centre was a square pool sunken below the surface of the floor; steps led down into it, sculptured pillars supported a frescoed ceiling. If the location of the pimple is in a different spot than normal, its a reaction to the product. Apply the mask with a spatula or brush. Its probably too basic. Lastly, clay masks have a tightening effect on the skin, minimizing pores and leaving you with a shiny glow and a complexion that looks and feels squeaky clean. What We Love: This charcoal mask is specifically formulated to benefit melanated skin tones. Pros. The basic funda behind clay masks is, as it dries, it sucks all the impurities from the pores of the skin. However, there are many other possible causes.. Just because you have dry skin doesnt mean your skin doesnt need a thorough cleansing. I keep PH strips on hand to test the PH of my skincare products and mask recipes. What We Dont Love: This mask can be a little bit messy to apply with fingertips. to the easy-to-wash-off texture, theres a lot that sets this product apart from others. The login page will open in a new tab. Immediately skin appears purified and healthier. The two clay masks that I have been using are the Innisfree Jeju Volcanic Pore Clay Mask (which I initially bought to use as part of fiddy's grits method) and the History of Whoo Yeol White Clay Mask. The statement, less is more, is certainly true here. This circulation is essential to maintain organ viability. The mud is in fact sedimentary clay chock-full of 21 minerals and purifying abilities, as well as a hydrating component. I've made this clay mask twice now, and both times it has started to sting after about a minute or two on my face (as well as my boyfriend's face - neither of us have sensitive skin in general). Avocado, Peppermint and Eucalyptus Oils create a tingly-cool sensation, invigorating your scalp and senses. Clay hair masks work the same for hair as they do for face masks. The reason your clay mask can be causing more the normal redness may be either of the following: Clay is alkaline in nature which contradicts with the skins pH which is around 4.7-5.7. What We Love: Even oily skin can be sensitive, which is why we love that this formula is fragrance-free and only includes skin-loving ingredients. Red: Red clay, like Rhassoul (or Ghassoul) clay from Morocco, is a mineral-rich clay containing high amounts of silica, potassium, and magnesium all great for the skin. | Key Benefits: Purifies, detoxifies, evens texture, reduces pores | Skin Type: All. But extreme inflammation can hurt our skin cells. | Key Benefits: Exfoliates, detoxifies pores, hydrates, brightens | Skin Type: All. when your skin feeling like so don't be sad you can apply qasil powder on your burning place. However, most mud masks on the market contain kaolin, a common type of clay found in clay masks. This often only requires approximate 5-10 minutes of application time. What We Dont Love: Though the mask will feel dry in about 9 minutes, the brand recommends keeping it on for 15 to 20 (on the longer end of products we tested). Active Ingredients: Okinawa kucha clay, Japanese volcanic ash, glycerin | Size: 1.7 oz. What We Dont Love: The formula doesnt spread that evenly its thick and requires a bit of massaging into the skin. Only use the mask once or twice per week for a thorough clean. First, apply a hot face towel to your face to remoisturize the clay. | Key Benefits: Clarifies, minimizes pores, decongests | Skin Type: Normal, combination, oily. Clays are hard to preserve. Especially if you have a septic field. Test a small amount of the mask on the area behind your ear and watch for 24 hours to see if there's a reaction. It required a lot of tugging to fully rinse off and took over five minutes to remove, she says. Directions: Mix Clay with equal parts of raw apple cider vinegar and/or water. To calm your skin and bring down the redness try the following: So if you skipped to the end to find the answer, in conclusion. Elizavecca Milky Piggy Carbonated Bubble Clay Mask. Search. Yes, clay masks that are in a liquid form require a preservative. Step 2: Prepare the clay mask. Avoid foods high in sugar and foods high on the glycemic index like processed snack food, fast food, and white bread. If you experience a burning sensation after a face mask you should revisit the other ingredients that are in your clay face mask. However, clay masks may be found to cause burns if the product used is not suitable for the individual's skin type. You can also feel a tingling that hints at paresthesia. Yes, a clay mask may cause a breakout, initially. The mask also reduces shine and makes skin feel overall fresh, qualities that our tester attributes to the micro exfoliants. Detoxing. I use 3 techniques to remove a clay mask.